A series of reports on the achievements of economic and social development in the 70th anniversary of the founding of new China

2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of new China. In the past 70 years, under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of all ethnic groups have united and faced difficulties, made progress in pioneering and striving forward, from closed and backward to open progress, from insufficient food and clothing to a comprehensive well-off society, from poverty, weakness to prosperity and prosperity, creating one great miracle in the history of human development. The Chinese nation ushered in the rise, prosperity and strength The great leap up is on the new journey of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

First, from poverty to the second largest economy in the world, the comprehensive national strength and international influence have achieved historic leaps

Since the founding of new China for 70 years, China has been expanding its economic scale, increasing comprehensive national strength, greatly improving its contribution to world economic growth, and significantly enhancing its international status and influence.

. When new China was born, China's economic base was extremely weak. In 1952, China's GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP was 119 yuan. After a long-term effort, China's GDP increased to 367.9 billion yuan in 1978, accounting for 1.8% of the world economy, ranking 11th in the world. Since the reform and opening up, China has witnessed rapid economic development. In 1986, the total economic volume exceeded 1trillion yuan, and in 2000, it broke through the 100trillion yuan mark. It surpassed Italy to become the sixth largest economy in the world. In 2010, it reached 4121.9 billion yuan, surpassing Japan and ranking second in the world in a row. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China's comprehensive national strength has been continuously improved. In the past three years, China's total economic volume has been over 700000, 800000 and 90trillion yuan in a row, reaching 90.30 billion yuan in 2018, accounting for nearly 16% of the world economy. According to the constant price calculation, the GDP in 2018 increased 175 times compared with 1952, with an annual growth of 8.1%; among them, the annual growth rate of 1979-2018 was 9.4%, which was far higher than the annual growth rate of about 2.9% of the world economy in the same period, and the annual contribution rate to the world economic growth was about 18%, which is second to the United States. In 2018, China's per capita gross national income reached US $9732, which was higher than the average level of middle-income countries. 1563412100446564.jpg

. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's finance was very difficult. In 1950, the national fiscal revenue was only 6.2 billion yuan, and increased to 113.2 billion yuan in 1978. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of economy and the substantial increase of fiscal revenue, the national fiscal revenue exceeded RMB 100 billion for the first time in 1999. After entering the new century, the fiscal revenue has achieved a continuous leap, reaching 11725.4 billion yuan in 2012. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the fiscal revenue has continued to grow rapidly, reaching 183352 billion yuan in 2018. The annual growth of national fiscal revenue from 1951 to 2018 was 12.5%, of which, the annual growth rate was 13.6% from 1979 to 2018, which provided a strong financial guarantee for promoting economic development and improving people's lives. From 1950s to 1970s, China's foreign exchange reserves were quite tight. At the end of 1952, the foreign exchange reserve was only US $108million, and at the end of 1978, it was only $167million, ranking 38th in the world. Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign exchange reserves have steadily increased, breaking through $1trillion at the end of 2006, surpassing Japan as the world's first. At the end of 2018, the balance of foreign exchange reserves was US $3072.7 billion, ranking the first in the world for 13 consecutive years.

(3) the international status has been significantly improved, and its influence is becoming more and more obvious. Before the founding of new China, China had less economic exchanges with other countries in the world due to the influence of external blockade. In the 1950s, China had a communication with the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries for a time; in the 1970s, China resumed its legal status in the United Nations and expanded its contacts with other countries and international organizations. Since the reform and opening up, China has been actively integrated into the international community and plays an increasingly important role in international affairs. In April and May 1980, China resumed its legal seats in the International Monetary Fund and the world bank successively; in 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization and participated in international economic cooperation in a more active manner. Since 2003, China has successively built free trade zones with Asian, Oceania, Latin America, Europe and other countries and regions. At present, 17 FTA agreements have been reached with 25 countries and regions, which has promoted mutual benefit and win-win situation between China and other countries. China has actively promoted one belt, one road, and more than 160 countries (regions) and international organizations since the eighteen Party's great initiative. It has proposed to build a community of human destiny, actively participate in the formulation of international economic and trade rules represented by WTO reform, and has contributed to China's wisdom in the global governance system transformation and has shown the role of a great power.

Since the founding of new China for 70 years, the agricultural basic role of our country has been strengthened, the leading position of industry has been rapidly improved, the supporting effect of service industry on economy and society has become increasingly prominent, the three industries tend to be balanced, and the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic development has been strengthened.

. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the agricultural production base was thin, and the phenomenon of "relying on the heaven" was obvious, and the grain yield was relatively low. In the 1960s-1970s, the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities was promoted under very difficult conditions. Since the reform and opening up, with the deepening of rural reform, the comprehensive agricultural production capacity has been continuously improved, and the agricultural economy has developed rapidly. The total grain output increased from 3047.77 million tons in 1978 to 61.23 million tons in 2012, and the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery increased from 1397 billion yuan in 1978 to 8634.2 billion yuan in 2012. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the degree of agricultural mechanization has been continuously improved, and the output of major agricultural products has steadily increased, among which the output of grain, meat, peanut, tea and fruit has been ranked first in the world. Looking back at 70 years, the total grain output in China increased from 11318000 tons in 1949 to 657.89 million tons in 2018. The total power of agricultural machinery increased from 180000 kW in 1952 to 1billion kilowatts in 2018. The irrigation area of cultivated land in China was expanded from 1996 to 68.1 million hectares in 2018 from 1996 to 2018, which effectively guaranteed the national food security.

                   . At the beginning of the founding of the PRC, China's industrial sector was very single, only mining, textile and simple processing industries, and a large number of industrial products depended on import. After the founding of new China, China started the industrialization. From 1950s to 1970s, China initially built an independent and complete industrial system, laying a valuable foundation for the future industrial development. Since the reform and opening up, China's industrial development has entered the period of takeoff, and the industrial added value in 2012 has increased 38.2 times compared with 1978. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China's industrial production capacity has been increasing and has gradually moved towards the middle and high end. From 2013 to 2018, the added value of China's high-tech industry and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 11.7% and 9.5% respectively. At present, China has become a country with all industrial categories in the United Nations Industrial Classification. The output of more than 200 industrial products ranks the first in the world, and the added value of manufacturing industry has been the first in the world since 2010. In 2018, China's raw coal output was 3.68 billion tons, an increase of 114 times compared with 1949; steel output of 11.11 billion tons, an increase of 8503 times; cement output of 2.21 billion tons, an increase of 3344 times. The electronic information industry emerges as the times require, and realizes the rapid development. In 2018, the output of mobile communication handset and microcomputer equipment reached 1.8 billion and 310million respectively.

(3) the service industry has developed vigorously and the ability to meet the needs of production and life has been improved. From the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the 1970s, the means of production industry gave priority to development, and the development of service industry was relatively slow. In 1952, the added value of China's tertiary industry was only 19.5 billion yuan, and by 1978, it was only 90.5 billion yuan. Since the reform and opening up, the service industry has been booming with the prosperity of the market and has entered the fast track of development. In 2018, the added value of the tertiary industry reached 46957.5 billion yuan, an actual increase of 51.0 times compared with 1978, with an annual growth of 10.4%. Among them, the added value of transportation, wholesale and retail, real estate and finance increased by 9.0%, 10.1%, 10.3% and 12.0% respectively. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, service industry has burst into unprecedented vitality and vitality. The productive service industry and living service industry have developed in parallel. New industrial and new business modes have emerged constantly, which has become an important force to ensure employment and stabilize economy.

. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's agriculture accounted for a relatively high proportion, and the industry and service industry were relatively weak. In 1952, the proportion of added value of the first, second and third industries to GDP was 50.5%, 20.8% and 28.7% respectively. In the 1950s-1970s, with the development of industrialization, the proportion of secondary industry has been increasing. In 1978, the proportion of the first, second and third industries was 27.7%, 47.7% and 24.6%, respectively. Since the reform and opening up, industrialization and urbanization have developed rapidly, the agricultural foundation has been consolidated and strengthened, and the development level of industry and service industry has been constantly improved. In 2012, the proportion of the tertiary industry reached 45.5%, surpassing the second industry for the first time and becoming the first largest industry in the national economy. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has developed in a coordinated way in agriculture, industry and service industries. In 2018, the proportion of the first, second and third industries was 7.2%, 40.7% and 52.2% respectively, and the contribution rate to economic growth was 4.2%, 36.1% and 59.7% respectively.

Third, from bottleneck restriction to advantage support, the infrastructure industry and infrastructure have achieved a significant leap

Since the founding of new China for 70 years, China has witnessed rapid development of transportation, post and telecommunications, continuous consolidation of the status of basic industry, steady improvement of energy supply capacity, and accelerated infrastructure construction, which provides a solid guarantee for the sustainable development of economy and society.

. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the traffic in China was very backward. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, the construction of China's comprehensive transportation system has been accelerated gradually, the traffic network has been improved day by day, and the transportation capacity and efficiency have been improved obviously. The length of traffic lines has doubled with the modernization construction. At the end of 2012, the railway operating mileage and highway mileage in China increased by 0.9 times and 3.8 times respectively compared with the end of 1978. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the comprehensive transport passage of our country has been basically connected, the level of network of traffic infrastructure has been further improved, and the service guarantee capacity has been greatly improved. At the end of 2018, the operating mileage of China's railway reached 131000 km, 5 times higher than that of the end of 1949, of which the high-speed railway reached 29000 km, accounting for more than 60% of the world's high-speed railway, and the high-speed railway network with the framework of "four longitudinal and four horizontal" was basically formed; the highway mileage was 4.85 million km, increasing 59 times, including the expressway from scratch to the end of 2018 reaching 143000 km; the mileage of inland waterway reached 127000 Km, up 72.7%; the mileage of regular flights is 8.38 million kilometers, an increase of 734 times compared with the end of 1950.

                   . In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the development level of postal communication in China was very low, the total length of the postal road was only 76000 km, and the long-distance open line was 146000 pairs of kilometers. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, the scale of postal and telecommunication industry has been expanding, the construction of telecommunication infrastructure has been accelerated, and the information network has been in the ascendant. At the end of 2018, the national postal business outlets reached 275000, an increase of 9.4 times compared with the end of 1949; the total length of the postal road was 9.85 million km, an increase of 103% over the end of 1978; and the total length of optical cable line reached 43.58 million km. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the overall development of post and telecommunications, the construction of "broadband China" has been accelerated. In 2018, mobile broadband users reached 1.31 billion, and the world's largest mobile broadband network has been basically built. Modern information technology such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence is in the ascendant, and the construction of a new generation of information infrastructure with high speed, mobile, security and ubiquitous has been accelerated.

(3) the energy supply capacity has been greatly improved, and the basic guarantee function is increasing day by day. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, China was in a serious shortage of energy supply. In 1949, China had only 24 million tons of standard coal, which could not meet the domestic demand. After 70 years of continuous efforts, especially since the reform and opening up, China has obviously strengthened its energy supply capacity and established a relatively perfect energy supply system. In 2018, China's energy production reached 3.77 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 158 times compared with 1949. At the end of 2018, the installed capacity of national power generation was 1.9 billion kilowatts, an increase of 32.3 times compared with that of the end of 1978. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the energy utilization efficiency has been continuously improved, the utilization of clean energy has increased greatly, the installed scale of hydropower, wind power and solar power generation has been expanding continuously. The proportion of clean energy production such as natural gas, primary power and other energy has increased from 15.3% in 2012 to 23.5% in 2018. China has become an active leader in non fossil energy in the world.

Fourth, from Urban-rural segmentation to overall promotion, regional coordinated development presents a new pattern

Since the founding of new China for 70 years, the regional development strategy has been steadily implemented in China. The new pattern of integration of urban and rural regional economic and social development has gradually formed. The comparative advantages of different regions have been effectively exerted, and the old appearance has changed from east to west, from south to North.

. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the level of urbanization in China was very low, and the proportion of urban population to the total population was only 10.6%. At the end of 1978, the urbanization rate of permanent residents was only 17.9%. Since the reform and opening up, the urbanization process of our country has been accelerated obviously, and the level of urbanization has been improving. At the end of 2018, the urbanization rate of the permanent residents in China was 59.6%, up 41.7 percentage points from the end of 1978. Since the eighteen Party's Congress, migrant workers' citizenization has been improving with the implementation of registered residence system reform and residence permit system. At the end of 2018, the rate of urbanization of registered residence population reached 43.4%, which was 8 percentage points higher than that of the end of 2012. With the gradual acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the number of cities continues to increase, and the urban network system is constantly improving. From 1949 to 2018, the number of cities increased from 132 to 672, of which 65 cities above prefecture level increased to 297, county-level cities increased from 67 to 375; and the number of towns built increased from 2000 to 21297.